Examples
Performance level schema:
- The European Qualifications Framework (EQF). "A common European reference framework which links countries’ qualifications systems together, acting as a translation device to make qualifications more readable and understandable across different countries and systems in Europe."
- Review of UK pharmacy competency and professional development frameworks (related to GLF and ACLF)
- RIME (Pengaro)
- Dreyfus model: Novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, expert, (innovation)
EPAs/STARs:
- Example of an Entrustable Professional Activity (EPA) for physician assistants.
- Manage Patient with Common Single System Diagnoses who require a Hospital Setting
- Lead a Family Meeting (from Internal Medicine)
- Pediatrics - EPA mapped to ACGME competencies and sub-competencies
- Internal Medicine - Presentation that includes illustration of an EPA mapped to milestones
- Internal Medicine - Final 16 end-of-training EPAs: http://www.im.org/AcademicAffairs/milestones/Pages/EndofTrainingEPAs.aspx
- Internal Medicine - Table of the 16 EPAs mapped to milestones (also contains examples of EPA descriptions and sub-tasks)
- Newborn care EPA, performance levels, and representative vignettes
- The Patient Handover as an entrustable professional activity: adding meaning in teaching and practice
- Core Entrustable Professional Activities for Entering Residency (CEPAER)
Performance criteria or milestones:
- Internal medicine reporting milestones
- Internal medicine (Tufts)
- Pediatrics: Final PDF version or website at ACGME
- Emergency Medicine
- Transformation in Medical Education (UTMB)
- DNP CNS Evaluation (U of San Diego)
- DNP clinical evaluation (U of San Diego)
- Quad Council Competencies for Public Health Nurses
- University of Toronto Orthopaedic surgery example (login required)
- Royal Australasian College of Surgeons' Surgical Competence and Performance and Becoming a competent and proficient surgeon
- Tulane milestones
Articles
Definitions/General
Frank JR, Snell LS, ten Cate O, et al. Competency-based medical education: theory to practice. Medical teacher. 2010;32(8):638-45. - Describes CBME and gives key definitions.
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Khan K, Ramachandran S. Conceptual framework for performance assessment: Competency, competence and performance in the context of assessments in healthcare - Deciphering the terminology. Medical teacher. 2012 Oct 8;Online early:1-9.
Performance Frameworks, Criteria, Milestones, and EPAs
Pediatrics:
- Boateng BA, Bass LD, Blaszak RT, Farrar HC. The development of a competency-based assessment rubric to measure resident milestones. Journal of Graduate Medical Education. 2009;1(1):45-8. - Describes process of constructing a rubric to measure observable behaviors related to competencies in pediatrics.
- Hicks P, Schumacher D, Benson B, et al. The pediatrics milestones: conceptual framework, guiding principles, and approach to development. Journal of Graduate Medical Education. 2010;2(3):410-418. - Includes one example.
- Hicks P, Englander R, Schumacher D, et al. Pediatrics Milestone Project: Next Steps Toward Meaningful Outcomes Assessment. Journal of Graduate Medical Education 2010;2(4):577-584. - Gives examples of assessment instruments.
- Jones MD, Rosenberg AA, Gilhooly JT, Carraccio CL. Perspective: Competencies, outcomes, and controversy--linking professional activities to competencies to improve resident education and practice. Academic Medicine. 2011;86(2):161-5. - Discusses the convergence of EPAs and milestones. Contains a table listing pediatric EPS and mapping them to confidence levels and ACGME competencies.
- Carraccio C, Burke AE. Beyond competencies and milestones: adding meaning through context. Journal of graduate medical education. 2010;2(3):419-22.
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- Green ML, Aagaard EM, Caverzagie KJ, et al. Charting the road to competence: developmental milestones for internal medicine residency training. Journal of graduate medical education 2009;1(1):5-20. - Provides many performance criteria and milestones for internal medicine.
- Caverzagie, KJ. Linking Milestones to the Core Competencies using EPAs. Presentation at APDIM, Spring 2012.
- Caverzagie KJ et al. Assessing Competencies in Internal Medicine Residencies: Connecting Milestones to Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs). Workshop at APDIM, Oct 2011. - Gives an example of an EPA (Leading a Family Meeting) and shows how milestones are incorporated into EPAs.
Meade LB, Borden SH, McArdle P, Rosenblum MJ, Picchioni MS, Hinchey KT. From theory to actual practice: Creation and application of milestones in an internal medicine residency program, 2004-2010. Medical teacher. 2012;34(9):717–23.
Competency/Performance-Based Assessment
Schuwirth L, Colliver J, Gruppen L, Kreiter C, Mennin S, Onishi H, et al. Research in assessment: consensus statement and recommendations from the Ottawa 2010 Conference. Medical teacher. 2011;33(3):224–33.